On a wet afternoon when on holiday at Sidmouth in 1973, Phyl (Phyllis Cristobel Cawthorne,) suggest that we run out to Uffculme to look for traces of the family graves in the churchyard. We found the large tombstone of JAMES SOUTHWOOD CHURLEY 1800-1869, "of CRADOCK," This led us to CRADDOCK and a delightful character - Mrs. N.W.GODDARD living in a house called 'Nettlebed' in Craddock village. She produced a copy of The Devon Directory of 1850, in which we found Thomas Churley, a Butcher, and James Churley, a tenant farmer, booth of Uffculme. This was followed by researches in the Births, Marriages, and Death records at the General Record Office - then in Somerset House off the Strand, in London, and slowly the interest built up and we become more and more intrigued with the puzzle.

The compilation of the family tree has been made unusually difficult as my father and uncle and aunts were far from forthcoming as regards their family, because of some happening between 1880 and 1890 which as children was treated as scandalous and resulted in my Uncle GEORGE changing his surname by deed poll prior to his marriage, and my father, ALFRED, following suit when he became 21 in 1891. They adopted their mother's maiden name of CAWTHORNE, but no other members of the family changed their names.

Now that all of their generation has passed, there is no one to be offended by enquiries.

Auntie Edie, who died aged 98 in 1965, had given a note of her uncles and aunts to my sister Kathleen, but this showed only five out of twelve, and there was no record of her Grandfather and Grandmother, and it later transpired that JAMES SOUTHWOOD CHURLEY was not in a direct line of our ancestry.

Whereas the Central Registry records, which started in 1837, showed the name CHURLEY in the early years from 11840, afterwards the 'e' was dropped and all later entries are show as CHURLY. Most of the Churleys seemed to have lived in the 19^th century in the West Country, Devon, Gloucester and Birmingham.

The name CAWTHORNE is clearly a Yorkshire name. There is a pretty village of Cawthorne near Barnsely (the church is worth a visit) and another village, Cawthorn (no 'e') on the North Yorkshire Moor, near Pickering.

Just as the Churleys varied the spelling of the name, the Cawthorns up to John Cawthorn, the solicitor who lived in St. John's Wood, did not use the 'e', but his daughter who married Albert William Ballyman Churly seems to have added the 'e' when she witnessed the marriage of her future husband's sister on 16^th June 1859, and when she was married on 11^th August 1859.

Our researches have been greatly helped by the fact that until about 1830 the family had for generations revolved around the parish of Uffculme, and that we have found the old Parish Register of the village intact although not always readable for at least two centuries prior to 1837. The existence of the Land Tax Assessments from 1780 to 1840 were also most helpful in showing the various parcels of land either owned or tenanted by Urial and his brother at that time.

Finally when ROBERT could not be traced in Uffculme, we were fortunate in finding him and most of his family in Collumpton in the 1841 census.

It is fortunate that most of the searches for Births, etc, untertaken at the General Register Office in London were before October 1975, because at that date the charge for a copy of a birth certificate was increased from 75p. to £2.50.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

The history of many families is often one of rising from humble beginnings to success and again humble, but our family during the last 300 years would appear to have maintained a steady place in society.

During the 300 years and with generations the direct line - and for that matter the close branches - have only been employed persons for very sort periods of their careers.

We have Nicholas, George and Urial as yeoman farmers in the 17^th to early 19^th centuries, followed by Robert as a butcher and later a yeoman farmer up to 1846. Albert, from the time of his marriage, would appear to have been either self-employed or a "gentleman". Later Alfred and his brother George were all their adult lives self-employed.

The next generation found Stuart partly taking orders - very reluctantly and partly on his own - whereas Leighton and Clement were partners in their respective professions and their sons would now appear to be carrying on with their independence.

Of equally independent character - and strong-willed - have been the women of the family. Clearly Rosetta Churley knew her own mind when she left her husband, and we know that Albert's wife Emily Jane (née Cawthorne) ruled her husband and was an autocratic woman in an autocratic age - the late 20^th Century. Alfred's sisters Emmie and Edie not only both lived well into their 90's but were of small stature and great spirit.

Whilst Alfred's wife Annie was not of the same forceful cut, she certainly was not a 'yes' woman and their three daughters, Kathleen, Muriel Margaret and Gwen, have all turned out to be women of character.

Another trait - probably common in many families - is that in some generations the first born male has tended to be less strong physically and less successful than his younger brothers.

Perhaps this is the appropriate place to indicate to the ready that it is clear that no person in the direct line of ancestry was responsible for the error, whatever it was, which lead to the change of the name in 1891.

The surname CHURLE - CHURLY - CHURLYE - CHURLY - CHURLEY

Although a modern dictionary describes a CHURL as a person of low birth, the opposite to a "gentleman", when considering the meaning of the name we have to look back many centuries - perhaps to the Norman conquest - when it seems that surnames first became in regular usage.

Prior to the Norman Conquest the Anglo Saxon society consisted of three broad classes. There were firstly the warrior kings or local war lords living in great halls.

Beneath these war lords and their families was the solid middle class of CHURLS, who in these Saxon times were the freemen living in well built wooden houses. They held plots of land and in return they expected to right for their lord and to provide him with a share of their crops. They were buried with a spear, a knife and perhaps a shield and their wives' graves contained a number of bronze brooches.

These solid yeomen were skilled farmers and their intensive farming gave a sound economic basis to England before the Conquest.

At the bottom of the social pyramid were the serfs, who spent their whole lives in serfdom. They lived in rude huts and were buried with only a knife.

It needs little imagination to suggest that after the Conquest a yeoman farmer could ha e been described as a CHURL and eventually carried this surname.

A Dictionary of British Surnames published in 1958 makes no mention of any names remotely similar to Churley.

The evolution to the present spelling of CHURLY and CHURLEY would appear to be:-

WILLS

The early wills, which existed, are no longer available, as the Devon Probate Registry records were destroyed by bomb damage during the Great War, but the following wills have been recorded. (See "Devonshire Wills" by Charles Worthy)

1623 THOMAS Churly of Uplowman, Taylor, left to Elizabeth daughter of James Churley 20s.

1624 John Osmond of Chilloman, Halberton, left 20s. to Mary Churly daughter of ZACHERY Churley at 18.

1587 ROBERT Churley of Tiverton married to Elizabeth and four daughters and no sons.

1717 GEORGE Churley of Comstock left will.

BANNS

The recording of Banns became compulsory in 1699

At the time of writing we are able to show the direct line of descent, commencing with the marriage of GEORGE CHURLEY to ELIZABETH FARR of Uffculme on 8^th June 1736, but so far have been unable to race this George Churley's ancestors with any degree of accuracy. (see GEORGE 1)

During the period prior to about 1715, when presumably George would have been born, it is clear that the various Parish Registers were largely incomplete. For example, between 1675 and 1720 not only are odd years missing from the Tiverton Register, but the vital years 1606 to 1712 record no baptisms at all. Similarly there are many gaps in the Burlescome Registry between 1700 and 1712 - just the period during which George may have been born. There were many Churlys living at Culmstock and Uffculme around 1710 but there are no records of baptisms.

However, I will later make some suggestions as to GEORGE CHURLEY'S possible Ancestors, but before doing so, it may be helpful to consider the difficulties of tracing the family history during the 16^th and 17^th Centuries.

For the 16^th Century there do not appear to be in existence any parish records for the parishes in this eastern part of Devon other than those of UFFCULME, which although difficult to read, commence with the year 1538, the year when under Henry VIII parish records started to be kept.

The Baptismal Registers at CULMSTOCK date from 1645 and the Marriage Registers from 1646, but the entries for 1677, 1678, 1685, 1687, 1688 and 1689 are missing. HEMYOCK starts in 1602. Both WILLAND and UPLOWMAN commence at the early part of the 17^th Century and TIVERTON and CULLUMPTON both towards the end of the 17^th Century. However, in a book on Devon Place Names, it mentions CHURLEYS COTTAGE associated with WILLIAM CHURLEY in 1543 at UPLOWMAN in the HALBERTON HUNDRED. It is not surprising that, for a number of years after 1692 there would appear to be laxity in registering baptisms, because in that year entries in parish registers were subject to tax. However, marriages are well recorded after 1699 when the maintaining of a separate Register of Banns became law.

Looking back to the middle of the 17^th Century, small matters such as registering a birth or the parish clergy keeping proper records were completely overshadowed by the Civil War in 1642 and 1645 there was bloody fighting in the West Country - the opposing armies living off the animals and crops of the local farms, and the King's Commissioners demanding heavy taxes from the people of Devon to pay for the ammunition and arms of the troops who had been conscripted locally for the King's Army. Before Fairfax defeated the King and Prince Rupert at Nazeby, the Royalists were in this part of Devon, holding Tiverton and Lyme Regis, with Cromwell's troops in Taunton. By October 1645, Tiverton to the West and Chard to the south-east fell to the Government, so the Churley country of East Devon must have been a bad place to be - most of the yeomen were bankrupted by the taxes or the pillaging and destruction of their property.

During Cromwell's years of rule until 1660, the Churches suffered greatly and after the Restoration the West Country seems to have been in turbulence, culminating in 1685 when the Duke of Monmouth landed about 20 miles south of the Culm Valley and once again a rebel army of 7,000 was raised from the West Country villages and towns, but was routed at the Battle of Sedgemoor some 25 miles east of Culmstock and Uffculme.

During the years following the Civil War, i.e. the 1640's and 50's, there seems to have been five separate families of Churly at CULMSTOCK, then a small market town, having a considerable woollen industry and with twice the population that it now has. It would be interesting to know on which side these Churlys fought or had sympathies with, both during the Civil War and forty years later during the Monmouth Rebellion?

The first mention of the family is WILLIAM CHURLEY, who lived at CHURLEYS COTTAGE, UPLOWMAN in 1543, and then in the UFFCULME Parish Register towards

The end of the reign of King Henry VIII, when the baptism of ELIZABETH CHURLY or CHORLYE is recorded as 15^th March 1544. In April 1553 a JONE CHURLEY was baptised and it is recorded that in April 1569 the bastard son of JONE CHURLEY was baptised; however, three months later, on 27^th June 1569, JONE CHURLEY married JOHN ELLES at UFFCULME.

It is of interest to recall that, although JOSIAH the son of ROBERT CHURLYE was baptised at Uffculme in January 1582, when ROBERT died in TIVERTON in 1587 (assuming it was the same Robert,) his Will mentions his wife ELIZABETH and four daughters, but no sons - presumably poor JOSIAH did not live. However, there would appear to have been at least one large family of Churleys living at MILVERTON - just over the border in Somerset - in the later years of the 16^th Century, until at least 1616.

It is most surprising that, although the MILVERTON parish records from 1539 to 1730 were searched, no single birth or baptism was found, in spite of there being records of the following marriages:-

29. 7.1592. Henrie Churley and Emmyn Hellinge

25.10.1595. Agnes Churley and William Leekey

31. 1. 1599. Thomas Churley and Elizabeth Chibbett

31.1.1599. Alice Churly and Richard Staple

28. 11.1601. Thomas Churley and Hester Boyce

30.11.1616. Robert Churlie and Joan Hunniwell.

N.B. After the above, there are no records of Churleys in MILVERTON, except that JOAN CHURLEY of MILVERTON married Richard MEDE at ASHBRITTLE on 15.2.1717, but there are many CHORLEYS mentioned. However, years later there must have been CHURLEYS in MILVERTON because at HEMYOCK on 5.2.1672 a HENRY CHURLEY of MILVERTON married a Joan Bond.

In the early years of the 17th Century there were Churleys in the small parish of Uplowman, in Uffculme and Culmstock.

ºOn the 4^th May 1616 WILLIAM son of JOHN CHURLEY was baptised in UPLOWMAN CHURCH and on 20^th June 1619 MARY the daughter of ZACHERY CHURLEY was also baptised. (This same MARY was in 1624 left a sum of 20 shillings under the Will of JOHN OSMOND of CHOLOWMAN near HALBERTON).

It is further recorded that is 1623 THOMAS CHURLEY (a Tailor) of UPLOWMAN left 2o shillings to ELIZABETH daughter of JAMES CHURLEY.

No further mention of the family at UPLOWMAN is recorded until 1704 when a MARY CHURLY is buried.

During the 17^th Century the name CHURLEY seldom appears in the records of UFFCULME Parish Church, but baptismal records for 1619 to 1680 are very indistinct. However, an important entry is that showing JOHN CHURLE of GADDON having a daughter ALLICE in 1633, and in June 1638 another daughter JOAN "by Augustine his wife" and in May 1637 and November 1653 JOHN by his wife AGNES registered the births of ROBERT and MELLORY.

However, the next clear entry and the last in this Century in the Uffculme Parish

Register is the baptism of NICHOLAS, son of JOHN CHURLEY of CULMSTOCK on 15^th January 1657.

If the entry referred to above of JOHN CHURLE of GADDON is correct, it would seem that the family remained in GADDON for another 200 years (until 1829) when THOMAS CHURLEY sold the original house and land.

A book on Devon Place names (pages 553, etc.) records that GADDON HOUSE was GATTON in 1249, becoming known as GADDON by 1408 and 1413. He meaning of the name is given as "GOAT FARM or HILL" and today the description could be apt.

GADDON is and was in the parish of UFFCULME in the BAMPTON HUNDRED but now consists of two farms and two houses on the north west slope of GADDON DOWN, which is a long saddle-back hill rising about 200ft. from CRADDOCK in the north east, running south west for about a mile and overlooking UFFCULME and the CULM VALLEY. The two houses and farms have commanding views over the valley and the town and both GADDON and GADDON HOUSE are now of QUEEN ANNE Style.

There must have been many families of CHURLEYS living within the parish of Culmstock, which is adjacent to UFFCULME, but the earliest Parish records are from 1645 and show during the next ten years, five separate families, some of which may well have been involved in the woollen cloth trade with its centre in TIVERTON and during the 1670's the manufacture of serge had started in a big way and the Churleys may well have in this period supplied the mills and employed the labour for its manufacture, as clearly they were doing prior to 1711 (see Indentures, etc)

In the 1690's Holland was the greatest customer for the Devonshire serge's and in many cases Dutch bricks were often brought hack as ballast to Topsham and an early and interesting brick building is the Ayshford School in UFFCULME, which is dated 1705. The Ayshford family living at nearby BURLESCOME up to 1689 (see GEORGE and MARY). However, towards the later years of the 17^th Century the records seem to indicate only one or two families residing in CULMSTOCK.

It is clear that during this period, when GEORGE would have been born, there were numerous Churly families in East Devon but few records can be found, the two principal ones being the early years of the THOMAS CHURLY family at SAMFORD PEVERELL and the marriage and birth of two daughters to URIEL CHURLY at BURLESCOMBE. URIEL may have been an elderly man when he married.

This indenture made the six and twentieth day of June in the tenth year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lady Anne by the grace of God and Great Britain ffrance and Ireland Queen Defender of the ffaith and between GEORGE CHURLY the younger of CULMSTOCK son of JOHN CHURLY of UFCULME aforesaid yeoman of the one part and JOHN RUSSELL of LIVFERTON in the said county yeoman of the other part, WITNESSETH that the said GEORGE CHURLY, NICHOLAS CHURLY for and in consideration of the sum of FIVE SHILLINGS of lawful money of Great Britain unto them in hand paid by the said JOHN RUSSELL at and before the Ensealing and delivery of these presents and receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged and have and each of them hath granted and Bargained and sell and by these presents does and each of them doth grant

And sell unto the said JOHN RUSSELL All that part of the messuage and tenement in CRADDOCK with in the parish of UFCULME aforesaid formerly called by the name of

CHYCHESTERS TENEMENT together with the several closes parts and parcells of land herein after mentioned and expressed (that is to say) one field called CLAMPERE one field called WATERSTICK one field called BITTENSON one field called COSSPETTS MEADOW one field called ROADWAY two fields adjoining GADDON DOWN one acre in NORCOTT HAM and one meadow or coppice formerly called BUSHES All which premises were late part of the manor of HACKPIN and here formerly in the possession of BEATON

HOLWAY widow Dced and afterwards of PETER HOLWAY and since in the possession of WILLIAM HOLWAY his assignee or assignor under tenant or under tenants and now vested in the said GEORGE CHURLY or NICHOLAS CHURLY or both of them by vertue of two severall indentures of lesse and release by the way of a mortgage to them or one of them thereof made by the said WILLIAM HOLWAY bearing date the five and twentieth and six and twentieth day of June which was in this year of our Lord God one thousand seven hundred and ten as in and by the same deeds respectively it doth and may appear together

with all the Houses Outhouses Courtlages Barnes orchards lands comons ways and paths waters watercourses for priviledges advantages and appurtances to the said Messuage tenement land and premises belonging to or in any way appertaining and All the Estate Right Title Interest Reversion Clayms and Demands of him and the said CEORGE CHURLY of in or to the same or any part thereof TO HAVE and TO HOLD all and singular the premises or before mentioned and intended to be hereby Bargained and sold with the appurtanances unto the said JOHN RUSSELL his Exors and assigns from the day next before the date hereof for and during the term of one whole year from thence next ensuing and fully to be compleat endeed Yielding and paying therefore the yearly Rent of one pepper corn at the feast of St. Michael the Archangell only if the same be demanded to the intent that by virtue of these presents and of the statute for transferring of uses into possession the said JOHN RUSSELL may be in the actual possession of the premises and been abled to accept a grant of the reverson and inheritance thereof to him and his heirs

IN WITNESS whereof the parties above said to these present Indenture their hands and seals interchangeably have sett this day and year first being mentioned.

Signatures follow.

THIS INDENTURE quinqueptite made the seven and twentieth day of June in the tenth year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lady ANNE by grace of God and Great Britain ffrance and Ireland Queen Defender of the ffaith and BETWEEN GEORGE CHURLY the younger of CULMSTOCK son of JOHN CHURLY of UFCULME in the County of Devon

Sergemaker and NICHOLAS CHURLY of UFCULME aforesaid Yeoman of the first part WILLIAM HOLWAY of UFCULME in the said County Yeoman of the second part HENRY CHURLY the younger of CULMSTOCK aforesaid son of HENRY CHURLY of UFCULME

Aforesaid sergemaker and ROBERT CHURLY of CULMSTOCK aforesaid one other son of the said JOHN CHURLY of UFCULME aforesaid of the third part JOHN RUSSELL of SILFERTON in the said county of Devon Yeoman of the ffourth part and HARRIS WILLS of BROADCUST nephew of the said JOHN RUSSELL and SYMON MILLS of SILFERTON

Aforesaid yeoman of the ffifth part WHEREAS the said WILLIAM HOLWAY by his Deeds of Lease and Release respectively dates the ffive and twentieth and six and twentieth

Day of June in the ninth year of the Reign of our present Sovereign Lady Queen Anne for the consideration of THREE HUNDRED POUNDS ?to be in hand paid by the aid GEORGE CHURLY did grant and convey unto the said GEORGE CHURLY and his heirs ALL that part of the messuage and tenement in CRADDOCK within the parish of UFCULME afresaid comonly cally by the name of CHICHESTERS TENEMENT together with the several closes pieces and paells of land therein mentioned expressed (that is to say) one field called CLAMPERE one field called WATERSTITCH one field called BITTERSON one field called GOSSPETTSMEADOW one field called RODWAY two ffields adjoining the GADDON DOWN one acre in NORCOTT HAM one meadow or coppice comonly called the BUSHES ALL which premises were late part of the MANCE of HACEPIN and were formerly in the possession of BEATON HOLWAY widdow Dece and since in the possession of PETER HOLWAY and then in possession of sthe said WILLIAM HOLWAY his assigns and assignese in or tenant or under tenants together with all houses,outhouses courtlages barns and orchards lands comons way or paths waters watercourses priviledges advantages and appurtenenacces to the said messuages and premises belonging or in

any wise appertaining and ALL the Estate Right and Title Interest Reversion possession clayms and demands of him and said WILLIAM HOLWAY of in or tt the same or any part or parcell thereof TO HAVE AND TO HOLD all and singular the premises before mentioned with the appurtances and all other the premises therein or thereby granted or intended to be granted unto the said GEROGE CHURLY his heirs and assigns forever to the only proper use and behoofs of the said GEORGE CHURLY his heirs and assigns for ever more AND WHEREAS ROBERT KERSLAKE party to the said deeds of release by the direction of the said WILLIAM HOLWAY for whom he did stand Intitle and Intrusted in the premises aforesaid did bargain sell tranferr and sell over on to the said HENRY CHURLY ALL that part of the messuage and tenement in CRADDOCK aforesaid together with the said severall closes of land meadow and pastures before recited and all the said ROBERT KERSLAKE Right Title and Interest of in or to the same. TO HOLD the said premises before mentioned with the appurtances unto the said HENTRY CHURLY for the Residue AND Remainder of two severall terms of two hundred years and one thousand years therein respectively to come and unexpired IN TRUST nevertheless for the said GEORGE CHURLY his heirs and assigns for and as a further security to the said GEORGE CHURLY his heirs Excrs and assigns and for that purpose to attend and wait upon the reversion and inheritance of the premise. AND WHEREAS PETER KERSLAKE another and bythe said Recited Indenture of Release by the direction and appointment of the said WILLIAM HOLWAY for whom he dies stand Interested and Intrusted in the premises did Bargain sell or assign unto the said ROBERT CHURLY ALL the before recited premises with the appurtances TO HOLD to the said ROBERT CHURLY from henceforth and for and during the Residue and Remainder of the term of ffowerscore and nineteen years between thence from and unexpired if that PETER HOLWAY should happen to live to the use of the said GEORGE CHURLY his heirs Excrs and admins and assigns to attend and wait on the Reversion and Inheritance of the said premises in the which said recited Indenture of Release therein contained a previso to this effect that in case the said WILLIAM HOLWAY his Excrs and Admins or assigns or any or either of whom dies and should well and truely

satisfye content and pay unto the said GEROGE CHURLY his heirs Excrs and admins or assigns the sume of THREE HUNDRED POUNDS with the interest for the same at the rate of ffive % on the seven and twentieth day of instant month of June in the year of our Lord God one thousand seven hundred and eleven free and clear of outgoings THEN and from thenceforth the said Indenture of Release before recited and every article clause or thing therein contained should lease Determine and be utterly void and of none effect as by the said deeds of Lease and Release related being hereunto more fully an att large itt doth and may appear NOW THIS IN WITNESSETH that the said GEORGE CHURLY by the direction and appointment of the said WILLIAM HOLWAY certifyed by his being a harty hereunto and his signing and sealing hereof for and in consideration of the sum of THREE HUNDRED POUNDS of lawful money of Great Britain unto him the said GEROGE CHURLY in hand paid by the said JOHN RUSSELL att and before the …..ensealing and delivery of these presents the receipt whereof the said GEORGECHURLY doth hereby acknowledge and by this like Consent abd Direction of the said WILLIAM HOLWAY certify

(words missing where document is damaged) sell assign Release and Confirm unto the said JOHN RUSSELL in his actual possession now being by virtue of the Indenture

and his heirs and assigns for ever ALL and singular the before recited premises with their and every of their appurts in and by the said recited Deeds of Lease and

said GEORGE CHURLY and NICHOLAS CHURLY and any other of them AND the said WILLIAM HOLWAY for the consideration afore said and for the consideration of FFIVE SHILLINGS to him in hand paid HATH granted Ratifyed and Confirmed and by these presents doth Grant Ratify and Confirm unto the said JOHN RUSSELL his heirs and assigns for ever All and Singular the before recited premises with appurtances TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the same premises with the appurtances unto the said JOHN RUSSEL his heirs and assigns for evermore AND the said HENRYCHURLY for

the Consideration afore said and in consideration of ffive shilling to him in hand paid by the said HARRIS WILLS by the Direction and appointment of the said WILLIAM HOLWAY HATH assigned transferred and sell over and by these presents doth assign transfer and sell over unto the said HARRIS WILLS the before recited premises with the appurtances and all the Estate Right Title and Interest of him the said HENRY CHURLY of and in the premises etc. for the before mentioned two several terms of two hundred years and one thousand years respectively herein yet to come and unexpired IN TRUST nevertheless to and for the said JOHN RUSSELL his heirs and assigns for and as a further secrity to him and for that purpose to attend and wait upon the Reversion and Inheritance of the premises etc. AND the said HENRY CHURLY for him selfe his Exors and Admins doth covenant and promises to and with the said HARRIS WILLS that the said HENRY CHURLY hath not done comitted or suffered any act matter or thing whereby or by means where of the said premises or part thereof are or may be injured prejudiced or Incumbered in the Title Charge and Estate or otherwise AND the said ROBERT CHURLY for the for the condiseration aforesaid and in cinsideration of ffive shillings to him in hand paid by the said SYMON MILLS before the ensealing and delivery of these presents and Receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged by the Direction and appointment of the said WILLIAM HOLWAY HATH Bargained Sold asssigned and sell over unto the said SYMON MILLS his excrs admins and assigns ALL that the herein before recited and granted premises with their and every of their appurtances and all his the said ROBERT CHURLY’S Estate Tittle and Interesst of and in this premises etc. TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the same premises etc unto the said SYMON MILLS his Excrs admins and assigns for and during all the Residue and Remaider of the above mentioned term of ffour and nineteen yeaers Determinable as before is expressed in Trust for the said JOHN RUSSELL his heirs and assigns as a further security to hm the said JOHN RUSSELL his heirs Excrs admins and assigns to attend and wait upon the Reverson and Inheritance of the premises etc AND the said ROBERT CHURLY doth convenant and promise to and with the said MYMON MILLS his Excrs admins and assigns that he the said ROBERT CHURLY hath not done committed or suffered any act matter or thing whatsoever whereby and wherewith the said premises or any part thereof and or may be impeached charged or Incumbered in Title Change Esstate or otherwise PROVIDED always nevertheless and it is the true Intent and meaning of these presents and of all the parties for the same and these presents are upon the Condition that in case the said WILLIAM HOLWAY his heirs Excrs admins or assigns or any other of them do and shall well and truely staisfye content and pay and cease to be paid unto the said JOHN RUSSELL his heirs Excrs and admins or assigns the full sum of THREE HUNDRED POUNDS of lawful money of Great Britain with Interest for the same at the fate of ffive % and on the seven and twentieth day of June which will be in the year of our Lord God one thousand and seven hundred and twelve att or in the now dwelling house of the said JOHN RUSSELL situate in SILFERTON aforesaid free and clear of and from all manner of Rates and Taxes or Impositions whatsoever THAT THEN and from henceforth their presents and everything herein contained shall cease determine and anything herein contained to the contrary in anywise not withstanding and the said WILLIAM HOLWAY for himself his heirs excrs assigns shall and will truly content satisfy and pay or cause to be paid unto the said JOHN RUSSELL his Heirs or assigsn the said sum of THREE HUNDRED POUNDS with interest aforesaid upon the day time and place in the said provised mentioned and expressed for payment thereof free and clear from all manner of Rates Taxes and other impositions whatsoever and without any deduction or abatement whatever AND If default of payment shall be made of the said sum of THREE HUNDRED POUNDS and Interest as aforesaid and any part thereof THAT THEN and from thenceforth It shall and may be lawful to and for the said JOHN RUSSELL his Heirs Excrs admins and signs peaceably and quietly to have hold and Enjoy ALL and singular the said premises here granted or intended to be granted and unto the said JOHN RUSSELL his heirs and assigns forever without any the Lawfull Lett Suit Trouble Hinderance Molestaton or

Denyall of him the said WILLIAM HOLWAY and any other persons whatsoever and also that then the said WILLIAM HOLWAY or any other persons whatsoever and also that then

the said WILLIAM HOLWAY GEROGE CHURLY NICHOLAS CHURLY HENRY CHURLY and ROBERT CHURLY or any or either of them or any other persons coming or clayming from by or under any or either of them shall and will from time to time and att all times hereafter during the space of seven years next ensueing the date hereof at the Request and at the Cost and Charge of the said WILLILAM HOLWAY his heirs and assigns make doe suffer acknowledge and execute all and every such further and other lawful and Reasonable act and acts thing or things Devise and Devises in the Law whatsoever for the further better or more perfect assurance sure making and conforming the said premises etc hereby granted or intended to be granted with the appurtances unto the said JOHN RUSSELL his Heirs assigns be it by ffine ffecment Recovery or Recovery of or otherwise whatsoever as by him the said JOHN RUSSELL his Heirs assigns or by his or their coucell Learned in the Law shall be devised or advised or required further and other assurance and assurances shall be and enure and that adjudged Deemed and taken to be and Enure to the only proper uses and behoofe the parties above said to these present Indentures theirhands and Seals interchangeable have sett the day

Sealed GEORGE CHURLY JUNIA WILLIAM HOLWAY JOHN RUSSELL

NICHOLAS CHURLY HENRY CHURLY.

ROBERT 1

ROBERT CHURLEY 1798 - 1846

Married 27^th October 1822 MARY FRY about 1801 - 1862.

ROBERT Born 1798 was the third surviving son of URIAL and would have spent his boyhood at GADDON. When he was 21 he became engaged to JOANNA FROST and their banns were read in UFFCULME Parish church, but the marriage was called off. On 27^th October 1822 - three years later - he married MARY FRY, their first son born and being baptised on 24^th December 1822. ROBERT and MARY seem to have been lax in registering the births of their twelve children - the first three being registered only on the death of the third - however the following seems to have been the family -

Baptised 24^th Dec 1822 WILLIAM BALLYMAN Per Parish Register at Uffculme

Born 18^th Jun 1824 OLIVER -do-

Born 3^rd Mar 1826 ARTHUR BALLYMAN -do-(died 1827)

About 1827 JAMES Per 1841 Census living with William Fry of Uffculme

" 1828 ARTHUR Per 1841 Census at Cullompton

" 1830 ALBERT WILLIAM BALLYMAN -do-

" 1832 SEPTIMUS-do-

" 1834 OCTAVUS-do-

" 1835 EMMA-do-

" 1837 MARY ROSETTA-do-

" 1839 ANN-do-

" 1843 SARAH Per Birth Certificate

ROBERT, at the time of his marriage gave his occupation at BUTCHER. And he continued as such until his sudden death under an apoplectic fit in 1846. In addition to the butcher's business, probably carried on in partnership with his younger brother CHARLES, he was a yeoman farmer outside Cullompton, the address given in the 1841 census as "Pumptery", or it may be "Sumptery" = Pack Horse. Some time after ROBERT'S death in 1846 the family moved to LONDON and MARY died in March 1962 in LAMBETH

ROBERT 2

It is of interest to note from the death certificate that when Robert died "of apoplexy in 24 hours" he appears to have been suffering from Hepatitis, which was not known to anyone. One can picture what a tragic sudden loss it must have been when he died at only 49, leaving of his twelve children 9 under 18, ALBERT WILLIAM BALLYMAN being only 125 or 16 and the rest varying from 3 to 14.

ROBERT'S elder brother, THOMAS was now living in London, probably at No. 13 CUMBERLAND STREET EAST, REGENTS PARK and it is not unreasonable to assume that MARY and her children were found accommodation in LAMBETH by him and the elder boys work, and ROBERT'S eldest son, WILLIAM, about 25 at the time, was living at No 3 Sussex Street, Tottenham.

The family could have by this time travelled to London, as the main railway line had been opened from Taunton to Bristol and London in 1842, although to get from Exeter to Taunton via Cullompton it was still necessary to travel by coach, but by 1 844 the Bristol and Exeter railway through Cullompton was open. Perhaps the family travelled soon after Robert's death in 1846.

Robert's death was thus the end of generations of yeomen farmers and an uphill climb for his young family commenced.

Cumberland Street, Regent's Park must have been about ten minutes walk across the park from EMILY JANE CAWTHORNE'S house in 23 Norfolk Road, St John's Wood, both houses being at the outer ring of the areas becoming built up, and with a few hundred yards of open country at this time. However, in 1859, when ALBERT married EMILY JANE and his sister MARY ROSETTA married, the CHURLEY family were probably living in the Parish of St. Mary's, Newington. S:E.

ROBERT 3

Born

Dec 1822 WILLIAM BALLYMAN, probably married ALICE PARTRIDGE having daughter HARRIET,born 22^nd January 1844 at Tottenham. WILLIAM died aged 44 at . Lambeth. HARRIET married a Dr.HARLAND in Germany and they had one daughter. She was staying at HAWTHORNE COTTAGE in 1900, when they were waiting news of the relief of Mafeking, and no doubt because she was so much older than her cousins, was referred to as "Auntie Harriet - her husband being known as "Uncle Ernest". She was 26 years older than her cousin ALFRED and only one year younger than her real aunt SARAH.

June 1824 OLIVER

March 1826 ARTHUR BALLYMAN died April 1827

March 1826 JAMES married MARY ROUND 2^nd November 1862 (his brother SEPTIMUS married ELIZABETH ROUND). He is reported to have married JANE but to have lived with his wife's sister, having two girls and two boys-

About 1828 ARTHUR

" 1830 ALBERT WILLIAM BALLYMAN – see separate details

"1832 SEPTIMUS married his boss’s daughter, ELIZABETH ROUND 7^th April 1860when he was a bookbinder, later becoming a "wardrobe dealer", as son WILLIAM was born 9^th May 1872

" 1833 OCTAVUS married ESTHER ELIZABETH LOWE, on 16^th October 1859

" 1835 EMMA(married in Islington in 1853)

" 1837 MARY ROSETTA married.

1. 16^th June 1859 HENRY STRUTT BIRKENSHAW, son a timber merchant(Birkenshaw's sister Marjorie married Farell)
2. Capt ALBERT GEORGE of HAVERFORD WEST in Wales and LIMA PERU. She is now called Rosina. By her first marriageshe had two daughters, VIOLET and ENA, and by her second marriage ANITA, who married,SIDNEY JEFFERY in HONG KONG. ANITA and SIDNEY had two sons ERIC and CECIL
3. "1839 ANN
4. 25.1 1843 SARAH married DELIZ CLEWETT on 16^th November 1862 (in Cullompton) They lived in WINDLESHAW but had no children.

   ROBERT 4

5. EXTRACT FROM CENSUS OF 9^TH JUNE 1841Cullompton at Pumptery?Male??Female??Description

   ROBERT CHURLEY??45?????YEOMAN

   MARY??????40

   OLIVER???15

   ARTHUR???13

   ALBERT???11

   SEPTIMUS.

   ROBERT 5

   MARY ROSETTA (ROSINA)

   1.?The following notes are the imprecise recollection of Tom Eric Jeffrey (Grandson of

   Rosetta Birkenshaw) née Churley. The stories were gathered from Anita Mabel and Violet – daughters of Rosetta (Violet by Birkenshaw and Anita by Capt. A. George)

   2. Rosetta had three children:-

   1. Violet (by Birkenshaw)
   2. Eva ( " " )
   3. Anita Mabel (by Capt. A, George)

3. The vaguely remembered stories were that Rosetta was a woman of great determination and character. She is said to have discovered her first husband (Birkenshaw) in adultery with her own housemaid. Then and there Rosetta, taking her two children, (Violet and Eva) walked out of Birkenshaw’s house, vowing never to return.

4.?Sometime later, probably some years, Rosetta (now calling herself Rosina) and her children (Violet and Eva) sailed for Lima Peru. The reason for this expedition was never explained. However, quite recently the writer discovered, now living at Bath, Somerset a lady by the name of Dorothy Davis whose father or grandfather was a ships chandler in Callao, Peru. This Dorothy Davis’s parents were very friendly with Rosetta Birkenshaw

so it might well be that Rosetta went out at their invitation either to visit or to perform some service for the parents of Dorothy Davis. It seems a reasonable assumption that Captain George, who operated two trading vessels out of Callao (Peru) would be well known to the Davis family (Ship Chandlers) and may have even introduced Rosetta to Captain George.

Anyway the story goes that Rosetta met Captain Albert George on the voyage out, either immediately or soon after, she married him..

5. From this marriage Rosina had issue of ANITA MABEL.

   ROBERT 6

6. Some time after marrying Rosina, Captain George moved to Hong Kong and traded from there through the Indonesian Archipelago down to Australia. (He may even have engaged in "Black-birding" – collecting Kanana (black) labour for the Queensland sugar plantation! "Black-birding was quite prevalent and profitable at that time.)
7. The last that was heard of Rosina and Captain George was that they were sailing together on one of their small ships in the China Sea when it was overwhelmed by a typhoon and lost with all hands (Rosina and Captain George included.)

   This story was confirmed by a law case, involving both of them, for the recovery of money under an insurance policy taken out in Sydney. In this case the death of both had to be legally "presumed". Also, as there was no evidence to show which died first, the Court had to rule on that point too. (The writer has seen the official correspondence concerning this case.)

8. After the death of Rosina and Captain George, Violet (who must then have been a young woman) helped by friends in Hong Kong, looked after Eva and Anita – until Eva married a Colonel Hurcomb (of Adelaide, South Australia), and ANITA Mabel married Sidney Jeffrey (Journalist, Sub-Editor and Leader-writer of the "Straits Times" of Singapore). Then Violet married Thomas Joy, a chemist with a very thriving business in Pretoria, South Africa. This marriage had issue – Thomas Andrew Joy (b. about 1900) later of the Rhodesian Police; and Marjorie (b. about 1910) who married Albert Farrell of Butterfield & Swire, Shipping Merchants of Hong Kong.

??????????GEORGE 1

Search for horebears of GEORGE CHIRLEY, who married MARY FARR at UFFCULME on 8^th June 1736.

?The Parish registers of villages near to Uffculme have been searched from about 1670to 1720 and no actual mention can be found of the birth of a George who can be assumed to be this George.

?From the CULMSTOCK parish registers it is clear that there were many CHURLEY families in this small town in the late 1600s and early 1700s. It is also very clear that substantial parts of this parish’s registers are missing (see letter from present Rector dated 11^th November 1976).

?From the copies of an Indenture of 1711, it seems that there were at least two George Churleys in the place, but neither would appear to be this George, because very likely he was not of age in 1711, even if he lived in Culmstock (his last sone was born in 1762!)

?The parish adjoining both UFFCULME and CULMSTOCK to the north is BURLESCOMBE, at which church on 31^st October 1710 URIEL CHURLEY and PATIENCE CHURLY (of UFFCULME) were married – presumably they were cousins. At this time URIEL CHURLY was Churchwarden of Burlescombe Church and most probably the father of the young man being married at this church rather than at the bride’s church of Uffculme.

?It is noted that George and Mary christened one of their sons URIEL in 1746, a year after URIAH CHURLEY of BURLESCOMBE had been buried at UFFCULME, and a year later called daughter PATIENCE (after George’s mother.)

?All the above point to the probability that GEORGE’S parents were URIEL and PATIENCE and the register dhows as follows:

31^ST Oct. 1710?URIEL CHURLY m. PATIENCE CHURLY of UFFCULME

2^nd Oct 1712?ELIZABETH baptised.

11^th Apr 1719?ELIZABETH baptised.

??????????GEORGE 2

?If GEORGE was born I, say 1711, why was his birth and baptism not registered as one would have expected the Grandfather – the Churchwarden – to have insisted upon? Could it have been because the wedding of URIEL and PATIENCE was a "shot-gun wedding", a fact which the churchwarden would not have wished to advertise. (Clearly in 1736 the marriage of GEORGE and MARY was a shot-gun wedding).

?If URIEL and PATIENCE CHURLY of UFFCULME, who had been married at BURLESCOMBE, were not the parents of GEORGE, he could have belonged to another branch of the Churley family who were Congregationalists.

?There are no records in existence of Nonconformist births or baptisms for any part of East Devon for this period. However,it would seem that the family of JOHN CHULY of CULMSTOCK who married ALLICE MARSHALL of UFFCULME on 8^th January 1701 were Congregationalists,as when ALLICE died on 19^th May 1732, she left 60 pounds to her cousin (?) JOHN CHURLY a "Congregationalist Minister" at UFFCULME.

?ALLICE, who died four years after her husband, seems to have left all her estate to members of her own family – not to her husband’s family. If John had been the father of George, he could have left his own estate to his son George, but we cannot find John’s will. However, this family really gives no indication that is was George’s family.

?The will of ALLICE CHURLEY canbe seen at the Public Records Office, Trowbridge, Wilts.

??????????GEORGE 3

?GEORGE, between 1736 and 1762, registeres the birth of the following eleven children, including that of his fourth son, URIAL.

8. 6.1736?GEORGE CHURLEY marries MARY FARR at UFFCULME

????(makes an honest woman of her!)

25.12.1736?Birth of NICHOLAS?registered

Aug. 1738 ? HENRY?Marries Mary about 1762, dies 1805

Mar. 1740??GRACE

1. JOAN??Buried at Culmstock 23.9.1743
2. GEORGE?

1. URIAL

1. ELIZABETH

?????Dies aged 68, 1830

1780 about??URIAL CHURLEY marries (1) ELIZABETH ?

1. died 16^th April 1784

9^th Sept.?1792?URIAL?? marries (2) ANN BALLYMAN SLEE??

???(Now aged 46)? Died 1845 St, Pancras on March 1854 at Tiberton

1. THOMAS BALLYMAN married Elizabeth Hussey.

21^st Jan.?1798?ROBERT

1. CHARLES?

1. WILLIAM BALLYMAN died 1821.

Nov. 1786????Marries ELIZABETH QUICK ?(daughter of John and

??April 1789?JAMES

? 4^TH Dec. 1791?ANN

? 1^st Jan 1794?GEORGE

? 31^ST Dec 1795?WILLIAM

????THE FAMILY NAME "BALLYMAN"

?It seems that the "Ballimans" were yeoman farmers at the start of the 17^th Century in the Uffculme Parish and URIAL marries ELIZABETH- PRESUMABLY A GRANDDAUGHTER OF A Ballyman, in 1792.

?Since 1792 the name has been borne by one or more of each generation of Churleys/Cawthornes down to the present GEORGE WILLIAM BALLYMAN CAWTHORNE -?5 generations.

?However, the surname Ballyman , or similar spelling of the name, does not appear much in records after 1837, so the last male Ballyman may have died prior to that date.??

?????

?

URIAL CHURLEY – 1746-1829

?The lists of Land Tax assessments, commencing in 1780, show that URIAL, then aged only 34, was farming as a tenant the following lands:- (see memo of Map of Uffculme).

??PARKS???6. 8. 5. pounds

??MAJILAKE?? ?7. 1 ½

??TANNERS???1. 8. 6. (part of GADDON?)

??COGGINS PARK MEADOW. 3. 7.

?

?In about 1780 Urial marries ELIZABETH BALLYMAN (assumed SLEE) and in 1781 his first son, URIAL, is born and dies and in 1783 his daughter Anne was born (dies 1789)

And in April his wife ELIZABETH dies.

?On 9^th September 1792 he marries ANNE MABBYMAN SLEE? (Assumed sister of ELIZABETH) and in 1793 a son THOMAS BALLYMAN in born, followed by URIAL 1795 (dies 1805) and in 1798 ROBERT , 1801 CHARLES, and 1804 WILLIAM BALLYMAN (dies 1821)

?URIAL was helped by his brother JOHN, 16 years his junior, whilst his eldest brother NICHOLAS was farming his own freehold - two small farms near CRADDOCK (BARTLETTS 1.12.1 pounds, and later RUGGS 1.5.0.pounds) helped by the second and third boys HENRY and GEORGE.

?URIAL must have been an extremely successful farmer, as by 1800 he had acquired the freehold of GADDON – or rather that part of GADDON adjoining PARKS – with its fine house and farm buildings (see photograph). His farms and house in 1800 were:-

?As tenant???PARKS??6. 8. 5.

?????MAJILAKE?? 7. 1 ½

?????BROADHAMS??1 15 7 ½

As Owner???Pt. GADDON??3. 4. 6

????? - do -?? 10. 9.

?As owner, but let??WIDOW MARKS? 3. 7.??

?????ROWSELLS?? 3. 7.

?? ________

????????12. 13. 7.?

And probably still farmed part of ?TANNERS MEADOW 1. 8. 6.

?In 1800 his younger brother JOHN had purchased part of ROCKHOUSES (maybe PARKHOUSES) and by 1809 the PARKS and MAJILAKE were farmed by HOHN alone. By this time JOHN had purchased a fine house on the edge of town at COLDHARBOUR called ROACHES HOUSE (build 1720 – see photo)

?In 1829 when URIAL died, his eldest son THOMAS seems to have exchanged the freehold of his GADDON FARM and HOUSE for the freehold of Mr. HURLEY’s GADDON FARM and HOUSE on the other side of the road and to have farmed both parts – a considerable areo assessed in total at 7. 9. 7. ½ pounds. This should be checked.

?With THOMAS and his UNCLE JOHN running the farm for URIAL , there would have been little prospect for ROBERT and CHARLES who therefore became butchers in UFFCULME, no doubt having been set up as such by their father as partner in one business.

?When URIAL died in 1829, his wife ANNE seems to have built NEW HOUSE, presumably leaving THOMAS and his family in GADDON. In 1841 she was living in East Street, Uffculme and at the date of the census had living with her THOMAS’S 13 years old son, URIAL,. Her son, CHARLES and his wife ELIZABETH were living at the same date in East Street with their five daughters. By 1841 GADDON had passed out of the family and THOMAS was in business as a Butcher in BRIDGE STREET and as a farmer with his wife ELIZA in CRADDOCK. ROBERT had obtained a farmin Cullompton but still ran the butcher’s business in Uffculme with CHARLES.

ALBERT WILLIAM BALLYMAN CHURLY??1830 – 1910

Married in 1859 JANE EMILY CAWTHORNE 1835 – 1925

ALBERT was the sixth child of ROBERT CHURLEY and MARY (née FRY) and spent his early boyhood in Uffculme and later at Cullompaton, where his father had a farm as well as a butchers business in Uffculme.

ALBERT was16 years old when his father died in 1846, and the young family probably moved to the outskirts of London in about 1847 and may have stayed with his uncle THOMAS at 13 Cumberland Street East, Regents Park, where he had been since about 1841. He seems to have obtained work as a Cabinet-Maker at a place where presumably pianos were made, and by the time of his marriage in 2859 he described himself as a Pianoforte maker. He and JANE spent their honeymoon in Dawlish, South Devon.

ALBERT was clearly very musical, had a fine singing voice and was clever with his hands.

He built his own organ in a room over the coach house at BEAU CHÊNE, Fox Hill, Uupper Norwood,the house in which he was living at his death and which was held in chancery for JANE – her father having died when she was a child.

ALBERT, in 1859, married JANE EMILY CAWTHORNE (see note below). Jane was clearly well off and it seems that Albert was a "gentleman of leisure" after his marriage. As the years passed, Jane began to look down on her musical and kind husband and referred to him as "That man". They seemed to have lived first at Lorrimore Square near the Oval and then for a large part of their early married life at HAWTHORNE COTTAGE, Sydenham (now demolished), later moving to Beau Chêne Fox Hill, Upper Norwood. After Albert’s death, Jane divided the house next door, calling this part "Uffculme"

I can just remember him as a kindly, bearded old man and recall being told how he would often walk from Upper Norwood to Woldingham (and I suppose back again) on a Saturday, to see us (a round trip of at least 15 miles)

(Note from Pamela. I have got a photograph of a lovely old man with a long beard, it perhaps could be this kind old man….he looks nice. I will send it to you.)

JANE EMILY CHURLY née CAWTHORNE AND HER ANCESTORS.

JANE EMILY CAWTHORNE was the elder daughter of JOHN CAWTHORNE, who was the son of a mine-owner. John married a MARY SARAH ELIZABETH JANE BALDWIN, also reputed to have been the daughter of another mine-owner. (ANNIE BALDWIN, MARY’S unmarried sister, left a silver sugar bowl to her niece JANE EMILY,which bowl has now passed to KATHLEEN MATTHEWS.)

JOHN CAWTHORNE was first trained to be a doctor, but as he did not like medicine he obtained his father’s consent to take up the legal profession. His treatise on homes for mental patients was probably written in the early days of his law trainging,using his medical knowledge and his familiarity with company law. (see family papers.)

We do not know where the family lived before about 1843, but at about this time they moved to what was presumably a newly-built house at 23 NORFOLK ROAD, ST. JOHNS WOOD, called ALPHA HOUSE (Norfolk road did not exist at the time of the 1841 census)

Shortly after moving to Norfolk Road, probably because of her mother’s so-called ill health, JANE at about 8 years old was sent to a weekly boarding school and very soon after

Joined by her young sister MARY. (MARY later married a Mr. NASH, who was an astronomer and is reputed to have gambled on horses.) Some of her father ‘s letters are

Available and they show that JOHN CAWTHORNE was a very harsh and sarcastic man, although he seems to have spared no expense on the girls riding etc. (see family papers)

Inspite of her father’s early death when JANE was about twelve, she was eventually allowed to "finish" in Paris.

?It has always been understood that JOHN CAWTHORNE (an ‘e’ had by now been added) had died from "blood poisoning, having been injured in a train accident on the way to Devises, but after a most careful search of the Deaths recorded from 1843 to the census of April 18^th, the only John Cawthorne to be registered is "John Adam Cawthorne" who died on 11^th May 1847 of consumption with many months bleeding at Blucher Cottage, Hornsey Road, Islington ,aged 54 years old. His occupation is given as ‘Indipendant’. Hornsey Road at this time would have been in the country, about two miles from Norfolk Road.

?The census of 8^th April 1851 shows that

Joined by her young sister MARY. (MARY later married a Mr. NASH, who was an astronomer and is reputed to have gambled on horses.) Some of her father’s letters are available and they show that JOHN CAWTHORNE was a very harsh and sarcastic man, although he seems to have spared no expense on the girls riding etc. (see family papers)

In spite of her father’s early death when JANE was about twelve, she was eventually allowed to "finish" in Paris.

?It has always been understood that JOHN CAWTHORNE (an "e" had by now been added) had died from "blood poisoning, having been injured in a train accident on the way to Devises", but after a most careful search of the Deaths recorded from 1843 to the census of April 18, the only John Cawthorne to be registered is "John Adam Cawthorne, who died on 11^th May, 1847 of consumption with many moths bleeding at Blucher Cottage, Hornsey Road, Islington, ages 54 years. His occupation is given as "Independent": Hornsey Road at this time would have been in the country, about two miles from Norfolk Road. (See note page 4).

? The Census of 8^th April 1851 shows that part of the Cawthorne family living at 23, Norfolk Road in the parish of St. Marylebone as follows:-

MARY CAWTHORNE??Head??50

?(née Baldwin)??

JANE. E. ???Daughter?16

MARY????Mary??12

MARY HERTSEY??Servant?19

?(probably the two sons ALFRED and GEORGE.A. ? were away at this time earning their living and possibly had already immigrated to Mauritius.)

?JANE’S mother was alive in 1859 when she marries, but JANE does not give her address at 23, Norfolk Road, but the same address as Albert Churley. JANE was a beautiful woman, but very hard and proud, having been brought up by a hard father, it is understood that her mother was a rich woman. She died at UFFCULME. FOX HILL,